Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Clock Rate shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Clock Rate offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Clock Rate at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Clock Rate? Wrong! If the Clock Rate is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Clock Rate then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Clock Rate? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Clock Rate and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Clock Rate wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Clock Rate then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Clock Rate site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Clock Rate, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Clock Rate, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
The
clock rate is the fundamental rate in
cycles per second (measured in hertz) at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transferring a value from one processor register to another. Different
integrated circuits on the motherboard may have different clock rates. Usually when referring to a computer, the term "clock rate" is used to refer to the speed of the
central processing unit.
The clock rate of a CPU is normally determined by the
frequency of an oscillator crystal. The first commercial PC, the Altair (by MITS), used an Intel 8080 CPU with a clock rate of 2 MHz. The original IBM PC (c.
1981) had a clock rate of 4.77 MHz (4,770,000 cycles/second). In 1995, Intel Pentium chip ran at 100 MHz (100 million cycles/second), and in
2002, an Intel
Pentium 4 model was introduced as the first CPU with a clock rate of 3 GHz (three billion cycles/second).
Comparing
The clock rate of a computer is only useful for providing comparisons between computer chips in the same processor family. An IBM PC with an
Intel 486 Central processing unit running at 50 MHz will be about twice as fast as one with the same CPU, memory and display running at 25 MHz, while the same will not be true for MIPS R4000 running at the same clock rate as the two are different processors with different functionality. Furthermore, there are many other factors to consider when comparing the speeds of entire computers, like the clock rate of the computer's front side bus, the clock rate of the
random Access Memory, the width in bits of the CPU's bus and the amount of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3
CPU cache.
Clock rates should not be used when comparing different computers or different processor families. Rather, some software Benchmark (computing) should be used. Clock rates can be very misleading since the amount of work different computer chips can do in one cycle varies. For example, RISC CPUs tend to have simpler instructions than CISC CPUs (but higher clock rates), and superscalar processors can execute more than one instruction per cycle, yet it is not uncommon for them to do "less" in a clock cycle. In addition, subscalar CPUs, or use parralellism, can also affect the quality of the computer regardless of clock rate.
History
In the early
1990s, most computer companies advertised their computers' speed chiefly by referring to their CPUs' clock rates. This led to various marketing games, such as Apple Computer's decision to create and market the Power Macintosh 8100/110 with a clock rate of 110 MHz so that Apple could advertise that its computer had the fastest clock speed available—the fastest Intel processor available at the time ran at 100 MHz. This superiority in clock speed, however, was meaningless since the PowerPC and Pentium CPU architectures were completely different. The Power Mac was faster at some tasks but slower at others.
After
2000, Intel's competitor, AMD, started using model numbers instead of clock rates to market its CPUs because of the lower CPU clocks when compared to Intel. Continuing this trend it attempted to dispell the "Megahertz myth" which it claimed did not tell the whole story of the power of its CPUs. In 2004, Intel announced it would do the same, probably because of consumer confusion over its
Pentium M mobile CPU, which reportedly ran at about half the clock rate of the roughly equivalent Pentium 4 CPU. As of 2007, performance improvements have continued to come through innovations in
pipelining, instruction sets, and the development of multi-core (computing), rather than clock speed increases (which have been constrained by
CPU power dissipation issues). However, the
transistor count has continued to increase as predicted by Moore's Law.
See also
References
The
clock rate is the fundamental rate in
cycles per second (measured in
hertz) at which a
computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transferring a value from one processor register to another. Different
integrated circuits on the motherboard may have different clock rates. Usually when referring to a computer, the term "clock rate" is used to refer to the speed of the central processing unit.
The clock rate of a CPU is normally determined by the
frequency of an
oscillator crystal. The first commercial PC, the Altair (by MITS), used an Intel 8080 CPU with a clock rate of 2 MHz. The original IBM PC (c. 1981) had a clock rate of 4.77 MHz (4,770,000 cycles/second). In 1995, Intel
Pentium chip ran at 100 MHz (100 million cycles/second), and in 2002, an Intel Pentium 4 model was introduced as the first CPU with a clock rate of 3 GHz (three billion cycles/second).
Comparing
The clock rate of a computer is only useful for providing comparisons between computer chips in the same processor family. An IBM PC with an
Intel 486 Central processing unit running at 50 MHz will be about twice as fast as one with the same CPU, memory and display running at 25 MHz, while the same will not be true for MIPS R4000 running at the same clock rate as the two are different processors with different functionality. Furthermore, there are many other factors to consider when comparing the speeds of entire computers, like the clock rate of the computer's
front side bus, the clock rate of the
random Access Memory, the width in bits of the CPU's bus and the amount of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3
CPU cache.
Clock rates should not be used when comparing different computers or different processor families. Rather, some software Benchmark (computing) should be used. Clock rates can be very misleading since the amount of work different computer chips can do in one cycle varies. For example,
RISC CPUs tend to have simpler instructions than CISC CPUs (but higher clock rates), and superscalar processors can execute more than one instruction per cycle, yet it is not uncommon for them to do "less" in a clock cycle. In addition, subscalar CPUs, or use parralellism, can also affect the quality of the computer regardless of clock rate.
History
In the early
1990s, most computer companies advertised their computers' speed chiefly by referring to their CPUs' clock rates. This led to various marketing games, such as Apple Computer's decision to create and market the Power Macintosh 8100/110 with a clock rate of 110 MHz so that Apple could advertise that its computer had the fastest clock speed available—the fastest Intel processor available at the time ran at 100 MHz. This superiority in clock speed, however, was meaningless since the
PowerPC and Pentium CPU architectures were completely different. The Power Mac was faster at some tasks but slower at others.
After
2000, Intel's competitor,
AMD, started using model numbers instead of clock rates to market its CPUs because of the lower CPU clocks when compared to Intel. Continuing this trend it attempted to dispell the "Megahertz myth" which it claimed did not tell the whole story of the power of its CPUs. In
2004, Intel announced it would do the same, probably because of consumer confusion over its Pentium M mobile CPU, which reportedly ran at about half the clock rate of the roughly equivalent Pentium 4 CPU. As of 2007, performance improvements have continued to come through innovations in
pipelining,
instruction sets, and the development of
multi-core (computing), rather than clock speed increases (which have been constrained by
CPU power dissipation issues). However, the transistor count has continued to increase as predicted by
Moore's Law.
See also
References
Clock rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The clock rate is the fundamental rate in cycles per second (measured in hertz) at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transferring a ...
clock rate from FOLDOC
clock rate < processor, benchmark > The fundamental rate in cycles per second at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transfering a ...
Clock signal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Many modern microcomputers utilize a "clock multiplier" which multiplies a lower frequency external clock to the appropriate clock rate of the microprocessor.
clock rate definition of clock rate in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
See clock speed. (processor, benchmark) clock rate - The fundamental rate in cycles per second at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or ...
Dictionary of Computers - clock rate
Skip to page content | Tiscali Quicklinks. Please visit our Accessibility Page for a list of the Access Keys you can use to find your way around the site, skip directly to the main ...
clock rate
The Free Online Dictionary of Computing (http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/) is edited by Denis Howe < dbh@doc.ic.ac.uk >. Previous: clock Next: clock speed
clock rate - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about clock rate
clock rate. Frequency of a computer's internal electronic clock. Every computer contains an electronic clock, which produces a sequence of regular electrical pulses used by the ...
clock from FOLDOC
The time between pulses is the cycle time and the number of pulses per second is the clock rate (or frequency). The execution times of instructions on a computer are usually measured ...
clock rate definition | Dictionary.com
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Determination of Ginga Clock Rate
Determination of Ginga Clock Rate. A clock marker is inserted into the Ginga data stream every 8 sec, along with a running cycle count. This clock marker in the real time data ...
